In recent years, unpredictable drought and salinity caused by climate change and extreme weather have been adversely affecting the output and quality of agricultural products in the Mekong Delta. According to statistics, drought and salinity in the dry season of 2019-2020 happened more seriously than in the dry season of 2016 with a saline intrusion of 4g/liter intruding 57 km along the Ham Luong river, up to 24 km deeper than the average for many years. In January 2020, saline intrusion continued to increase, encroaching on the Mekong estuary from 45-66 km, 6-17 km deeper than the 2016 dry season. In February 2020, the salinity line 4g/liter encroached into the Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay rivers up to 110 km. In May 2020, the salinity range continued to fluctuate at a high level with a salinity margin of 4g/liter about 130 km deep on the Vam Co Tay River and a decrease in salinity in June. The 2020 salinity drought has damaged about 42,000 hectares of rice. Winter-Spring, of which 26,000 hectares were lost. On rice-shrimp land, drought and salinity have damaged about 16,500 hectares of seasonal rice in Ca Mau province, of which 14,000 hectares were lost. For fruit trees, the drought in 2020 has caused damage of about 25,000 hectares, of which about 11,000 hectares are damaged by over 70%. The most affected provinces include Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Vinh Long and Tra Vinh. In the dry season 2020-2021, according to the General Department of Water Resources, about the situation of water supply for agricultural production, the average rainfall in 2020 across the basin is still likely to be short of about 5-15%. With the recorded rainfall and runoff in the Mekong River basin, water shortage is forecasted in 2021, but saltwater intrusion is unlikely to be as severe as in 2019-2020.